Twenty years ago, evolutionary biologist Richard Lenski of Michigan State University in East Lansing, US, took a single Escherichia coli bacterium and used its descendants to found 12 laboratory populations.
The 12 have been growing ever since, gradually accumulating mutations and evolving for more than 44,000 generations, while Lenski watches what happens.
But sometime around the 31,500th generation, something dramatic happened in just one of the populations – the bacteria suddenly acquired the ability to metabolise citrate, a second nutrient in their culture medium that E. coli normally cannot use.
To find out which, Lenski turned to his freezer, where he had saved samples of each population every 500 generations. These allowed him to replay history from any starting point he chose, by reviving the bacteria and letting evolution "replay" again.
The replays showed that even when he looked at trillions of cells, only the original population re-evolved Cit+ – and only when he started the replay from generation 20,000 or greater. Something, he concluded, must have happened around generation 20,000 that laid the groundwork for Cit+ to later evolve.
Lenski's experiment is also yet another poke in the eye for anti-evolutionists, notes Jerry Coyne, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Chicago. "The thing I like most is it says you can get these complex traits evolving by a combination of unlikely events," he says. "That's just what creationists say can't happen."
Get one to develop into a multi-celled orgnanism and you'll have something.
Get one to develop into a multi-celled orgnanism and you'll have something.
Well If the time line is roughly the same,check back again, in about 500,000,000 years or so. ;D
Link to full article ([url]http://www.newscientist.com/channel/life/dn14094-bacteria-make-major-evolutionary-shift-in-the-lab.html[/url])QuoteTwenty years ago, evolutionary biologist Richard Lenski of Michigan State University in East Lansing, US, took a single Escherichia coli bacterium and used its descendants to found 12 laboratory populations.
The 12 have been growing ever since, gradually accumulating mutations and evolving for more than 44,000 generations, while Lenski watches what happens.
Bonk, the university I work at is suppose to be selling an electron microscope in the surplus sale today, would you need one?
Three words:
Nevada Road Trip
Get one to develop into a multi-celled orgnanism and you'll have something.
Well If the time line is roughly the same,check back again, in about 500,000,000 years or so. ;D
Get one to develop into a multi-celled orgnanism and you'll have something.
Well If the time line is roughly the same,check back again, in about 500,000,000 years or so. ;D
That has always been my beef with macro evolution... lets say that the average "major" mutation (that would move it after a while to a new species) was 1/4 as many generations... In animals that have 20 year generations (or even 10) how do you get major changes? The earth just isn't old enough to get all the changes in needed, especially when you work in all the Near extinction events that often reset the clock.
GE-Raven
If you notice, evolution seems to explode after mass extinction events. I personally think open niches in the food chain is what turns evolution's accelerated mode on and off.
E. Coli.... isn't that the bacteria that normally resides in everyones butts, causes fart gas, and also causes food poisoning outbreaks when some git can't be arsed to wash their hands after using the toilets.
So.... this means that someone's butt is hosting what could be the progenators of an advanced civillisation that will rule the universe in a few million year's time.
So with the stress caused by the cost of oil and gas.... is the human race about to evolve.... ::)
!! HINT !![/color]
I would rather not have this thread be moved to Hot and Spicy. Be nice guys.
So with the stress caused by the cost of oil and gas.... is the human race about to evolve.... ::)
So with the stress caused by the cost of oil and gas.... is the human race about to evolve.... ::)
What's to evolve? ever hear of horses? I knew that buggy whip manufacturer stock would a long-term hold.. I just knew it.
Beshides, all this evolution crap is false, unless it's micro evolution, then it's true.
I don't think you need ideas, from what I've read, you probably need a straight jacket, not ideas. ;) No offense. Beshides, all this evolution crap is false, unless it's micro evolution, then it's true.
Macro is a change of one species to another, do you see that happenening now a days? THERE WOULDN'T BE ANY MONKEYS IF IT WAS TRUE! Micro is changes in one species to suit it to current lifestyle and threats, example, the six-linned skinks in my backyard have long legs while the ones in my frontyard have shorter ones, there are more trees up front, which means they have those legs because they don't need to run far to get to cover, while the ones in the back run very fast to get away from predators (and collectors). Also, why didn't I think of this yesterday, we should create a mental hospital just for people like you Centurus. WE really don't need you loose and causing mayham in the world. ;)
NO!!!!!!!! Stop smacking me with rubber chickens! *starts running laround like a scared little girl, then gets an axe*
*takes the axe back, looks at it* Gross, it'xs got slobber all over it, oh well, I didn't like it anyway. I got twenty more where that came from.
Can I join on the Borg hunt? I want to blow tthe Borg into little itty-biity peices, that's why I'm holding a combat shotgun in my lap. Now at least I have one guin that the chickens of doom can't eat.*picks up the barrel drum for the shotgun and puts it in with a satisfying clank* Now, where was I...............Oh yes, Nemesis, you wanted the difference between micro evolution and macro evoluotion, I had posted before, but here it is, micro are minor changes in a species while macro is the change of one species to another.
I still got the shotgun, you can never have it!!!! * takes the gun and runs for the hills* Beshides, you grabbed the rubber gun, and, frre-range Borg? Perhaps we should let some run rampant and start the hunt again.
Macro is a change of one species to another, do you see that happenening now a days?
THERE WOULDN'T BE ANY MONKEYS IF IT WAS TRUE!
Micro is changes in one species to suit it to current lifestyle and threats, example, the six-linned skinks in my backyard have long legs while the ones in my frontyard have shorter ones, there are more trees up front, which means they have those legs because they don't need to run far to get to cover, while the ones in the back run very fast to get away from predators (and collectors).
I still doubt it, perhaps it's just a new variety of the species that's sutied to the new enviornment.
Too bad the race of Spartans that were in the world have died out, we could use them now a days, I consider myself a Spartan, I'm desended from a Spartan king.
Too bad the race of Spartans that were in the world have died out, we could use them now a days
Too bad the race of Spartans that were in the world have died out, we could use them now a days, I consider myself a Spartan, I'm desended from a Spartan king.
The Spartans had a policy of state sponsored pedophilia. At the age of 12 a Spartan boy would be paired off with a man in his mid 20s. This man would serve as a combination mentor and lover. Because of this, Spartan men had a hard time getting it up when they entered into their arranged marriages, so it became tradition for the bride to shave her head, and dress like a young boy on her wedding night. Sparta declined because it was unable to maintain its population. Do you really want our society to be like that?
Actually, Thebes kicked the crap out of them at the battle of Leuctra. Sparta never recovered.
In addition, only the healthiest babies were allowed to survive. If a baby was born with any defects, including being small I believe, they were left in the mountains to die of the elements, and predators.
Actually, Thebes kicked the crap out of them at the battle of Leuctra. Sparta never recovered.
The Spartans had been suffering from a declining birth rate long before that.
Actually, Thebes kicked the crap out of them at the battle of Leuctra. Sparta never recovered.
The Spartans had been suffering from a declining birth rate long before that.
That could well be, but they outnumbered the Thebians at Leuctra, but were flat out-generaled. the Thebians broke from Greek tradition and deployed an oblique infantry attack against the Spartan front and smashed their flank with a 50-deep line of infantry, which had never been done before (Greek Phalanx's were typically 12 deep).
In addition, only the healthiest babies were allowed to survive. If a baby was born with any defects, including being small I believe, they were left in the mountains to die of the elements, and predators.
I wouldn't really criticize the Spartans for this because that was a common practice for dealing with unwanted children in ancient Greece.
The "fight or flight" instict may have some effect on the human race's evoulution, in some parts of the world.
For instance, the Gauls and Franks were a warrior race, thousands of years ago, who fought a lot with each other or other tribal races.
Now those with big balls would be more inclined to fight, and run the probable risk of death in battle, where as those who were less well endowed would chose to run away as fast as their legs would carry them, probally aided by the lack of sizable gonads.
In short micro evolution has often been found in the world and in labs. However it also tends to outline (showing the number of generations needed for it to occur and become dominant) a timescale for large changes to be so incredibly long that movement at the Genus/Species (Not to mention Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family) level would take so long as to preclude functional "macro" evolution.
To my knowledge this has long been one of the BIG questions in evolution.
We have no evidence that any animal has ever "jumped" at the upper levels, and without evidence... well all you have is faith.
GE-Raven
You're right about that. When the 300 Spartans held off the Persian army at Thermopyle, they thought they had trouble with only 300, try 10,000 later on, not so good. Also, Spartan boys weere taken at age 7, not 12. I also kinda of favor what the Spartans did to those children to small or physically unfit, they would severly hamper the population with a burden of useless people, such as mentally retarded children, they can do nothing to help, so they would be "discarded" . But still, Spartans were the fiersest warriors the world has ever seen. Period.
In the time of Leonidas, there were over 10,000 Spartan males. By the time of the Macedonians, there were less than 1000. Slaves did do a portion of the fighting with the Spartans serving as an officer corp.
You're right about that. When the 300 Spartans held off the Persian army at Thermopyle, they thought they had trouble with only 300, try 10,000 later on, not so good. Also, Spartan boys weere taken at age 7, not 12.
I WAS an evolutionist, but I found that if I looked at the theory of eviloution.......er I mean evolution from a diffrent perspective, I found that it sounded so..................idiotic. There are over 110 ways to age the Earth and most say the Earth is no older then 10,000 years old, Carbon 14 is one of the 7 or so ways that say it's older than that. Which is supporting the Scientific Method? The majority or minority? I'm no longer a eviloutionist and I will never be one again, I also think that your "evidence" is not convincing enough. Also, wow, the Spartan population became that low, but I bet that went out with a bang though.
In the time of Leonidas, there were over 10,000 Spartan males. By the time of the Macedonians, there were less than 1000. Slaves did do a portion of the fighting with the Spartans serving as an officer corp.
One could argue that wasn't a Spartan army.
I WAS an evolutionist, but I found that if I looked at the theory of eviloution.......er I mean evolution from a diffrent perspective, I found that it sounded so..................idiotic.
*shakes head because of your ignorance* . Hitler was an evoloutionist, look what he did to those "inferior" races. Karl Marx was a Christian then was taught evoloution, not long afterwords, he founded communism. What does that say? Beshides, ID is a person's views, what happened to the freedom to teach freely? Don't answer that. Beshides, give me a really solid piece of evidence that will stand up to me? I know things that you'll probably never learn in an evoloution supporting school.
got a DvD on it, but I loaned it to someone, I'm getting it back Wensday. It tells all about flaws in your theory, or should I say religion. Ya'll take so dang seriously I can't help but compare your eagerness to defend it to the Muslims, we say one bad word about it and the DSTs (Darwin Shock Troopers) are on the march. I was a victim of your kinds eagerness to defend it, I was publicly shamed and almost got knifed in the back thank you very much.
*shakes head because of your ignorance* . Hitler was an evoloutionist, look what he did to those "inferior" races. Karl Marx was a Christian then was taught evoloution, not long afterwords, he founded communism. What does that say? Beshides, ID is a person's views, what happened to the freedom to teach freely? Don't answer that. Beshides, give me a really solid piece of evidence that will stand up to me? I know things that you'll probably never learn in an evoloution supporting school.
Hitler and his cronies took basic language from evolution, and genetics, and twisted them for their own use. Also, find me evidence that Marx formulated communism because of the theory of evolution. We could give you evidence, but you would just dismiss without looking at it objectively. Why don't you give me evidence for intelligent design.
got a DvD on it, but I loaned it to someone, I'm getting it back Wensday. It tells all about flaws in your theory, or should I say religion. Ya'll take so dang seriously I can't help but compare your eagerness to defend it to the Muslims, we say one bad word about it and the DSTs (Darwin Shock Troopers) are on the march. I was a victim of your kinds eagerness to defend it, I was publicly shamed and almost got knifed in the back thank you very much.
The "fight or flight" instict may have some effect on the human race's evoulution, in some parts of the world.
For instance, the Gauls and Franks were a warrior race, thousands of years ago, who fought a lot with each other or other tribal races.
Now those with big balls would be more inclined to fight, and run the probable risk of death in battle, where as those who were less well endowed would chose to run away as fast as their legs would carry them, probally aided by the lack of sizable gonads.
I don't think that this is plausible as every race in the world today is descended from warring tribes. Would you say the Scots, Irish or English don't have fighting genes? They have been on the recieving end of invasions since before the Romans and still they are fighters when they need to be. As are their descendents in other parts of the world such as North America.
I WAS an evolutionist, but I found that if I looked at the theory of eviloution.......er I mean evolution from a diffrent perspective, I found that it sounded so..................idiotic. There are over 110 ways to age the Earth and most say the Earth is no older then 10,000 years old, Carbon 14 is one of the 7 or so ways that say it's older than that. Which is supporting the Scientific Method? The majority or minority? I'm no longer a eviloutionist and I will never be one again, I also think that your "evidence" is not convincing enough. Also, wow, the Spartan population became that low, but I bet that went out with a bang though.
Not college, military. And I've got three years of high school left. Plus, I've spent alot reading up on evoloution before I went back, I did read all about the finches and such, I also have read about Neaderthal and Java man, Neanderthal was a really, really old man and Java man was actually a pigs tooth.Along with bones found over a few miles. I also am not suggesting that I want a theocracy, but I only want the hardcore facts to be taught, or opinoion to be taught. Science is, after all, what the facts say, and what I've done research on has lead me to belive in ID. You're saying that life happened by accident, I say that it was made by another being. You can believe what you want, but don't try to say that ID is not a possibiblity. Also, I agree with you Nemesis, some Latinos are very quick to pull the trigger. There's also the matter of that God invented whiskey to prevent the Irish from ruling the world.
*shakes head because of your ignorance* . Hitler was an evoloutionist, look what he did to those "inferior" races. Karl Marx was a Christian then was taught evoloution, not long afterwords, he founded communism. What does that say? Beshides, ID is a person's views, what happened to the freedom to teach freely? Don't answer that. Beshides, give me a really solid piece of evidence that will stand up to me? I know things that you'll probably never learn in an evoloution supporting school.
The fighting gene is still alive and kicking in the UK population.... Brits and Paddies are both well known the world over for violence especially after excess drinking.... :(
Not college, military. And I've got three years of high school left. Plus, I've spent alot reading up on evoloution before I went back, I did read all about the finches and such, I also have read about Neaderthal and Java man, Neanderthal was a really, really old man and Java man was actually a pigs tooth.Along with bones found over a few miles. I also am not suggesting that I want a theocracy, but I only want the hardcore facts to be taught, or opinoion to be taught. Science is, after all, what the facts say, and what I've done research on has lead me to belive in ID. You're saying that life happened by accident, I say that it was made by another being. You can believe what you want, but don't try to say that ID is not a possibiblity. Also, I agree with you Nemesis, some Latinos are very quick to pull the trigger. There's also the matter of that God invented whiskey to prevent the Irish from ruling the world.
*chuckels while shaking his head* Wow, Centurus. You are a pervert. But I meant that their last stand was a very violent end but left their mark on history. Also, Hitler rejected Judiasm, but I didn't know about Karl Marx rejected what he made. I really didn't know that. Going back to what I was talking about earlier, ya'll can believe evoloution if you want, just don't try to kill ID because it's just another possiblity in this world. Thanks for that bit of news knightstorm, the nazis are on the move again. Great. >:(
That's technology, not a living organism, beshides, evoloutionists keep forgeting this, what are the odds that everylife form was made by an accident. The odds are astronomical. While I say that the were made to be exactly like we are. Beshides, if we're so smart, why aren't we out of the solar system by now?
Perhaps, there's only one way to find out, one needs to die then send a message back from the dead.
So what's the truth of the JFK assaination?
So what's the truth of the JFK assaination?
I did it. I'm still not sure how because my parents were still in elementary school.
Ok.................................Getting back to reality, JFK died because Johnson basically put money on his head and wanted to be president, so you didn't know that, to think , is Area 51 real?
So what's the truth of the JFK assaination?
I did it. I'm still not sure how because my parents were still in elementary school.
I can provide some insight. You see, in a couple years, you would have said something deserving of being smacked by a rubber chicken, however I smack you a bit too hard and send you back in time.
While in the past, you decide to try and prevent JFK's assassination, but because I sent you back only with a Polka music CD, and not a very good one by the way, you accidentally shoot JFK, and then are sent back to the present with the timeline unchanged.
However, you managed to earn an enormous amount of frequent flyer miles and you take a trip around the world.
You sent me a postcard about it.
:angel:
So what's the truth of the JFK assaination?
I did it. I'm still not sure how because my parents were still in elementary school.
I can provide some insight. You see, in a couple years, you would have said something deserving of being smacked by a rubber chicken, however I smack you a bit too hard and send you back in time.
While in the past, you decide to try and prevent JFK's assassination, but because I sent you back only with a Polka music CD, and not a very good one by the way, you accidentally shoot JFK, and then are sent back to the present with the timeline unchanged.
However, you managed to earn an enormous amount of frequent flyer miles and you take a trip around the world.
You sent me a postcard about it.
:angel:
Flaws in your theory
1. I have faced the terror of Manbearpig and lived. Your rubber chicken does not have power over me.
2. While this statement is on the edge of H&S, I do not consider Kennedy to be a good president, and blame him for almost starting a nuclear war with Russia. If I was in the past, I would not have tried to stop the assassination because that would give him another chance to almost get my parents killed, and erase me from existence.
Still, Kenndy's assination is one of the biggest mysteries of our country. Next, Area 51, anything funny to say Centurus?
I am the Punisher. * gets out a mningun and readys the armored Mustang*
I got a rocket launcher in the trunk as well. It's a Jackhammer, gotta love Halo.
* takes back the launcher pulls the trigger and two rockets launch, Spartna looks back at the spent canister and sees a label that says, heat-seeking* Aw crap............Run. *Spartan and CEnturus take off running*
As for Area 51, I do believe it exists. But that's a belief rather than a hardcore fact, unless of course you know someone who currently is assigned to Area 51. But if you do, and you state you do, you run the risk of government involvement in the most negative ways cause they'd want to keep that covered up as much as possible. Why else would they go through so much effort to make alot of Area 51 believers seem like screwballs that speak to God on a ham radio that doesn't work.
*Spartan stops running, looks at Centurus in his quarters and is weirded out*
QuoteAs for Area 51, I do believe it exists. But that's a belief rather than a hardcore fact, unless of course you know someone who currently is assigned to Area 51. But if you do, and you state you do, you run the risk of government involvement in the most negative ways cause they'd want to keep that covered up as much as possible. Why else would they go through so much effort to make alot of Area 51 believers seem like screwballs that speak to God on a ham radio that doesn't work.
It does exist. It's just called something else...Groom Lake.
We test most of our new aircraft there. B-2 , F-117, stuff like that.
Sometimes I worry about you Centurus.......... What about the wine, care to share?
No...........why? I just want to use it to drink my worries away. O'Mally and his universal domination quest is one of them.
*Spartan pops up again behind Centurus, taps him on the shoulder and shows him his friend, the evil robotic carrots of doom.*
What'd you say to make my carrot army run?
mmmkkk, I'm going to say this once here.. THIS IS A BACTERIA DISCUSSION, nothing else, so please revert back on to the topic at hand, or else this thread will need to be moved.
So what's the truth of the JFK assaination?
I also have read about Neaderthal and Java man, Neanderthal was a really, really old man and Java man was actually a pigs tooth.
You can believe what you want, but don't try to say that ID is not a possibiblity.
Also, I agree with you Nemesis, some Latinos are very quick to pull the trigger.
There's also the matter of that God invented whiskey to prevent the Irish from ruling the world.
Look it up online. I will not be fooled again by things like eviloution, and what is ID poisining?
got a DvD on it,
Pastafarianism.
Is that by any chance like whole wheat pasta served with eggplant parmesian?
*drools* :drool: :drool:
Is that by any chance like whole wheat pasta served with eggplant parmesian?
*drools* :drool: :drool:
Afraid not ([url]http://www.venganza.org/about/open-letter/[/url]) though the FSM ([url]http://alternativespirituality.suite101.com/article.cfm/the_flying_spaghetti_monster[/url])is something like that,.
Manbearpig? Must be related to Lisa Lampinelli.
Manbearpig? Must be related to Lisa Lampinelli.
I don't know who that is, is there a resemblance?
([url]http://images.wikia.com/uncyclopedia/images/f/f8/ManBearPig.jpg[/url])
surprisingly I can see a resemblance. Especially with the top picture.